Chapter 4: Layer 1 - Electronics and Signals Links:

4.1 | Basics of Electricity

4.1.1 | A helium atom Helium
4.1.2 | Creating stable atoms
4.1.3 | Static electricity "Static Electricity" means "High Voltage"
4.1.4 | Electrical current including insulators, conductors, and semiconductors Forms of Energy
4.1.5 | Electrical measurement terms Electricity Fundamentals
4.1.6 | Analogy for voltage, resistance, and current
4.1.7 | Graphing AC and DC voltage
4.1.8 | Constructing a simple series electrical current
4.1.9 | Purpose of grounding networking equipment

4.2 | Basics of Digital Multimeters

4.2.1 | Safe handling and use of the multimeter Using a Multimeter
4.2.2 | Using a multimeter to make resistance measurements Using a Multimeter
4.2.3 | Using a multimeter to make voltage measurements Using a Multimeter
4.2.4 | Measuring simple series circuit Using a Multimeter
4.2.5 | Constructing a simple electrical communication system

4.3 | Basics of Signals and Noise in Communications Systems

4.3.1 | Comparing analog and digital signals
4.3.2 | Using digital signals to build analog signals
4.3.3 | Representing one bit on a physical medium
4.3.4 | Network signal propagation
4.3.5 | Network attenuation Connection Denied
4.3.6 | Network reflection
4.3.7 | Noise Tests on Conducted Electrical Noise
4.3.8 | Dispersion, jitter, and latency
4.3.9 | Collision
4.3.10 | Messages in terms of bits

4.4 | Basics of Encoding Networking Signals

4.4.1 | Historical examples of encoding
4.4.2 | Modulation and encoding Digital Encoding